Impact of Moderate-Intensity Exercise on Reproductive Hormones and Zinc Levels in Obese Men

Abstract

Background: Due to its significant impact on endocrine function and micronutrient equilibrium, obesity is becoming recognized as a primary contributor to male infertility, which is emerging as a substantial global health issue.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of moderate-intensity exercise on serum levels of testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and zinc in obese men, independent of semen analysis parameters.

Methods: A case-control study enrolled 90 obese men (BMI 30–35 kg/m², aged 20–40 years), divided into an exercise group (n=60) and a sedentary control group (n=30). Participants in the exercise group engaged in structured moderate-intensity exercise for three months. Serum levels of testosterone, FSH, LH, and zinc were measured and compared between groups using independent t-tests.

Results: Men in the exercise group had significantly higher serum testosterone (5.19 ± 1.31 ng/mL), FSH (4.77 ± 1.09 U/L), LH (4.12 ± 0.98 U/L), and zinc (86.77 ± 10.17 μg/mL) compared to controls (p<0.05 for all parameters). These findings suggest that moderate exercise can effectively improve the hormonal and micronutrient environment essential for male fertility in obese individuals.

Conclusion: Structured moderate-intensity exercise significantly enhances reproductive hormone and zinc levels in obese men, supporting the adoption of lifestyle interventions as a frontline strategy for improving male fertility associated with obesity.