The Medical Journal of Tikrit University
This journal is dedicated to the Medical College of Tikrit University, providing a platform for researchers to publish their work. It allows scholars to share their findings, enabling others to benefit from reviewing and building upon published research.
The Association between (Serum prostatic specific antigen and Dihydrotestosterone) and Efficacy of Solifenacin Therapy for Benign prostatic hypertrophy Patient in Salahalddin Society
Background: Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) is a condition in which the prostate becomes enlarged as part of the aging process. BPH Primarily affects men over the age of 40, of all races and ethnic backgrounds. No one knows specifically why an enlarged prostate occurs. However, hormones and genetics may play a role in the condition's development some researchers believe that it may be related to a drop in testosterone levels as men age. Others believe that one enlarged prostate cause is the reawakening of cells that deliver signals to other cells in the prostate. Objective: To evaluate the relation between serum prostatic specific antigen (PSA) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) on the effects of 4 weeks of solifenacin therapy for BPH patients. Patients and Methods: A total of 108 patients attending the consultation department at Tikrit teaching hospital were enrolled in this case control study during the period from Novemberl®, 2011 tol™ of August, 2012. All patients had BPH with al- blocker treatment during the study period, a change in type and dosage of al-blocker was not allowed, Solifenacin (Smg) once daily dose was administered to the patients for 4 weeks. PSA level, serum DHT, IPSS, post voiding residual PVR, and prostatic size were measured before and after treatment. The patients themselves serve as their own control group. Estimation of Serum DHT and serum PSA using Elisa kit. Results: The relationship between PSA level and prostate size is probably the most natural reason for the correlation of urinary symptoms and serum PSA level .also found age and Higher serum DHT concentration were associated with larger prostate volume, elevate PSA level, less response to solifenacin. In the present study, strong direct and significant relationship found between storage symptom, voiding symptom and total IPSS with DHT level for men who treated with solifenacin +a- blocker than men who take a-blocker alone. While clarified non-significant differences found between PVR and the use of solifenacin +a-blocker and prostate size. Conclusion: Serum PSA and DHT can be used to predict effect of solifenacin on BPH after al-blockers monotherapy.
prostate specific antigen, dihydrotestosterone, solifenacin, BPH
External fixation as definitive treatment for comminuted tibia diaphyseal fractures
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of unilateral external fixator as primary and definitive treatment for tibial fractures, fractures with severe soft tissues injuries, and in multiply injured patients. Fifty tibial shaft fractures 50 patients) were treated. In open fractures, union was achieved in 25 weeks, while in closed in 21. There were 2 nonunion, 4 delayed unions, 4 malunions, 5 pin infections and (1) osteomyelitis. A reoperation was performed in 41 patients. . The external fixator was definitive treatment in 100%. Unilateral external fixators can be used as primary and definitive treatment for complicated tibia shaft fractures. Re-operation or change of the method must be performed only when there is a delay in callus formation.
Effect of alcoholic leaf extract of Heliotropium europium on the levels of Testosterone , Prolactin ,TSH,T3 and T4 hormones in Blood of male albino rats exposed to oxidative stress by H202
The current study aimed to compare the effects of alcoholic leaf extract of Heliotropium europiam and Vit. C as antioxidants on levels of hormones Testosterone, Prolactin,TSH ,T3 and T4 in blood of adult albino male rats exposed to oxidativ stress by hydrogen peroxide H202 (0.5%) in the drinking water throughout 30 days. For the purpose of the study preliminary experiments were carried out to find the most effective dose of pl PRL ant extracts and it was found that( 300mg / kg/ b.w). Rats (3-4 aged months) and weight (250-285g) were distributed H202+ Heliotropium europiam alcoholic leaf extract group, H202+ Vit. C group, H202+ Heliotropium europiam alcoholic leaf extract+Vit.C group. The plant extract of leaves as (300) mg / kg and Vit.C (250) mg / kg of body weight in a single daily dose.The results showed that the animals exposed to oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide led to a significant decrease (p <0.05) in the levels of serum Testosterone, Prolactin and T3 and non significant difference in the TSH and T4 levels when compared with control. The treatment with H202+ plant extract showed a significant increase in the Testosterone level and a significant decrease in T3 andT4 levels, and lack of significant difference in the levels of Prolactin and TSH, while the treatmen of group H202+Vit.C led to asignificant increase in testo., PRLand TSH and a significant decrease inT3 and T4.While the group exposed to stress and treated with plant extract and Vit.C showed a significant increase in testosterone, prolactin levels and significant decrease in TSH and T4 levels with non significant difference in the T3 level when compared with hydrogen peroxide group.
Hellotropium earopiam, H,O,, Free racicals, oxidative stress , Testosterone , Prolactin ,TSH.
The Effect of Aqueous Extract of Borago officinalis and Uranyl Acetate on lipid profile and in Albino males rabbits exposed to oxidative stress
The effect of aqueous extract of Borago Officinalis and uranyl acetate on activity in oxidation — antioxidants system was designed to estimate (MDA , GSH ) as well as its effect on biochemical parameters (Total cholesterol, triglycerides , low and very low high density lipoproteins to cholesterol , Glucose ). The study showed that given uranyl acetate produced a significant increment at level (p<0.05) in each average of the Glucose , Total cholesterol striglycerides , LDL-C,VLDL-C and MDA as compared with control group. Whereas there was a significant decrement at level (p<0.05) in each average of the HDL-C ,GSH as compared with control group . whereas the treatment of the albino males rabbits by uranyl acetate and aqueous extract resulted in a significant reduction at level (p<0.05) as compared with uranyl acetate group only through the average of the Glucose , Total cholesterol , triglycerides , LDL- C,VLDL-C, MDA .Whereas increment in average of High Density Lipoprotein — Cholesterol and GSH. The treatment of the albino males rabbits by aqueous extract only resulted in a significant increment at level (p<0.05) as compared with control group through the average of the Glucose triglycerides , LDL-C,VLDL-C, MDA , and resulted in a significant decrement through the average of HDL-C and GSH.
Borago officinalis, Uranyl Acetate , oxidative stress
Endoscopic dacrocystorhinostomy in Kirkuk output and results
Epiphora and nasolacrimal duct obstruction is acommon problem and endoscopic DCR is the treatment of choice and it has the advantages that there is no external scar with good results and minimal complications. The aim of this study to see the results of EDCR in Kirkuk and out come it is retrospective descriptive study otolaryngological department in Kirkuk general hospital from 2010 to 2012s. A total number of 60 EDCR done in Kirkuk general hospital from February 2010 to January 2012 .Age of patients was from 3 to 60 years ,40 patients were female and 20 were male,all of them complaining of epiphora and some of them presented in addition to epiphora with abcess and mucocele.40 of them had unilateral eye involvement while 20 patient had symtoms bilaterally. All cases are diagnosed as nasolacrimal duct obstruction and confirmed by an ophthalmologist and then sent to us, All of them underwent EDCR with stent insertion.folow up of patients in our study was two years. The operative techniques descriped in details , 48 patients had complete disappearance of symptoms so success rate in our study was 80%,while 12 patients had recurrence of symptoms,so failure rate was 20%,4 patients underwent revision surgery with good results while others refused to do surgery again.the most common complication was adhesion of the nasal mucosa at the site of surgery,15 case develoed this complication,while 10 cases had extrution of the stent specially in children,which fortunately didn’t affect the result of surgery,in conclusion EDCR is avalid surgey for correction of nasolacrimal duct obstruction with good out come and no scar
Antimicrobial Study of Some Chemical Preparations for Vaginal Isolates
The aim of this study was identification of most common microorganisms of vaginitis with effect of Alum & Gentian violet on them. This study was performed between Feb. 2013 and Jan. 2014, involving 215 married women at 15-49 years who attending TTH and private clinic in Tikrit city, they were examined and taking high vaginal swab. For diagnosis, used Amsel's eriteria, Gram staining of vaginal discharge, culture, biochemical tests and APT system. Vulvovaginal candidiasis is most common 70(32.6%) than BV associated Gardnerella vaginalis 18(8.4%), in our distinct. Candida albicans represent 32.6%, while E. coli and S. aureus were 11.6% and 7.4% respectively. The history of abortion and PTL in those patients was at 1st and 3rd trimester of gestational age. By disc diffusion method showed resistance 100% to metronidazole. There was a significant strong correlation between Alum and Gentian violet at concentrations (1% to 4%) and the inhibition growth zone of G. vaginalis and C. albicans with statistically significant result at p-value <0.001.
vaginitis, BV, G. vaginalis, C. albicans, alum, gentian violet.
Transcanalicular laser dacryocystorhinostomy
The objective of this study are todescribe the technique,evaluate the effectiveness of TCLDCR with diode laser in the treatment of epiphora in adult and to review the published results after TCLDCR. A prospective , interventional case series was designed in28 patients presenting with epiphora due to NLD Obstruction .Materials and Methods: At private sector as a day case surgery in Kirkuk citythe procedure was performed under general anesthesia. We achieved osteotomy by applying laser energy via an optic fiber, using a 980 nm diode laser with power of 10 Watts. At the last step bicanalicular silicone stent was inserted . Success of procedure was absence of epiphora (subjective), or patency of the lacrimal drainage system on irrigation (objective). Results: We performed 28 successive transcanalicular laser (TCL-DCR) with bicanalicular silicone tube intubation in 26 patients and momocanalicular silicone tube intubation in 2 cases. The average procedure time was 20 min. The silicone stents were removed three to six months after surgery. We observed absence of epiphora and a patent nasolacrimal duct on irrigation in 23 out of 28 treated eyes after six to thirty six months after operation. Five patients had epiphora despite an initial successful nasolacrimal duct intubation. This yields a success rate of 82%, with an average follow-up period of 12 months. Conclusions: The 980 nm EL-DCR with silicone tube intubation is a new contribution to the field of lacrimal surgery. It is a minimally invasive quick procedure yielding a high success rate.
laser DCR ,lacrimal surgery ,minimally invasive lacrimal surgery
Familial tendency of tonsillitis in patients undergoing tonsillectomy surgery
Background: Tonsillitis is the commonest otolaryngological infection and many patient will end with surgery in the form of tonsillectomy which is till now one of the oldest and commonest operation done all over the world. The main indications for tonsillectomy are (recurrent infections, obstructive sleep apnea and peritonsillerabscess ) and there's no documentation about the familial tendency of tonsillitis The aim of the this research is to establishment the association of family history as risk factors for developing tonsillitis and to study how it influences the decision of surgery. Patient and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that has been done from the beginning of October 2013 to the 25th of 25th of March 2014at Azadi Teaching Hospital and Kirkuk hospital. The study involved 200 patients who underwent tonmsillectomy (case)as an indicator of patients having tonsillitis and 200 person not having any known criteria of tonsillitis (control). All patients were evaluated using history regarding (Family history , chronic disease, sinusitis and allergy ) Results and discussion :A total of 200 patients underwent tonsillectomy during the time period of the study. There were 98 male (43.4%) and 102(56.6%) female with mean age of (7) years and range in age from 3 to 12 years old .The family history was positive in (80.5%) in case group in contrast to (18.5%) in control group,The results of this study were compared with the control cases of the study itself and the studies of other researches,demonstrate that family history is a risk factor for recurrent tonsillitis. Conclusion and Recommendation : From this study, it be concluded that the presence of family history is a risk factor although there's no role of genetic predisposition to explain this result so we should spread awareness about tonsillitis, the proper antibiotic, adequate course of treatment and the adequate dose which are the mainstay of the prevention of the recurrent of tonmsillitis thus reducing the complication and avoiding surgery .
Familial tendency, tonsillitis, tonsillectomy
CT and MRI with operative findings; a comparative study of otorhinolaryngology
Aim: To confirm the accuracy of updated imaging investigations in disorders of otorhinolaryngology and to support the commitment of the surgeon toward the proper surgical procedures of these disorders. Study design: A prospective and comparative study of updated imaging (CT scan and MRI) of otorhinolaryngological disorders in 72 patients with transversal cohort (2012-2014). Materials and methods: Seventy-two patients attended Assalam Teaching Hospital, Cttorhinolaryngology department Mosul, Iraq, from January 2009 to November 2009. The patients were subjected to CT scan and/or MR imaging, included 32 patients with sinonasal disorders, 30 patients with laryngopharyngeal disorders, and 10 patients with otological disorders. The age distribution of the patients range from 2 months — 75 years, with a mean age of 38 years, with sex distribution of 52 males and 20 females. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the diagnostic value of CT scan and MRI in otorhinolaryngological disorders and to compare the result with the operative findings. Result: For sinonasal tumors; in bone distraction, the accuracy of CT scan was 100 % and for MRI 66%. In intracranial extension the accuracy of CT scan was 50% and for MRI 87%. In tumor staging by CT scan, the accuracy was 75% and for MRI 87%. For bony hard lesion, the accuracy of CT scan 100% , were in 2 patients, one of them was un irrupted tooth, and the other was bilateral choanal atresia. For the larynx; Paraglottic space involvement, the accuracy of CT scan was 88% and for MRI 86%. Extra laryngeal spread the accuracy of CT scan was 75% and for MRI 71%. Cartilaginous invasion the accuracy of CT scan was 81% and for MRI 79%. For the ear; Bony erosion the accuracy of CT scan was 80% and for MRI 66%. Space occupying lesion (brain abscess) the accuracy of CT scan was 100% and for MRI 100%. Chronic mastoiditis (cholesteatoma) the accuracy of CT scan was 80% and for MRI 66%.we have concluded that, the updated imaging becomes a well-defined signs and has many fundamentals in relation to otorhinolaryngological disorders. Conclusion: Updated imaging (CT and MRI) becomes a well-defined signs and has many fundamentals in relation to otorhinolaryngological disorders. Coronal and axial CT views are the most useful views in the nose and paranasal sinuses, also CT was superior to MRI in detecting neoplastic bone disorders especially with early bone erosion, While MRI is important to differentiate between retained secretions and neoplastic lesions (benign and malignant).
Resistin serum levels in psoriasis patients and association with disease severity in Iragi population
Psoriasis is a disorder with genetic and immunologic background. Psoriasis is associate with many metabolic disorders like insulin resistance. Resistin can involve in development of psoriasis by acting as a pro-inflammatory factor leading to an increased mRNA expression of many chemokines and cytokines . Our primary goals is to study the serum level of Resistin in psoriasis patients, and relation between the Resistin serum levels and psoriasis severity. The study invelved 60 patients with psoriasis and 40 healthy controls. We analyzed plasma levels of Resistin in psoriasis patients and compared them with those of healthy control. Evaluation of plasma levels of Resistin was performed by enzyme immune sorbent assay (ELISA) . also we study the relation between Resistin serum with the severity of psoriasis that evaluated by psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) score. psoriasis patients have considerably higher serum levels of Resistin than heathy control. Resistin serum levels were 12.9 + 4.1 ng/ml , 7.2 + 2.1 ng/ml in patients and control group respectively .Also the Resistin levels were association with severity of psoriasis where serum levels of Resistin were 14.68 + 4.20 ng/ml and 10.87 + 2.9 ng/ml in severe and mild to moderate cases respectively . our results suggests that the Resistin has important role in development of psoriasis
Prevalence of Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms among Patients with Schizophrenia
Background: Obsessions and compulsions are common phenomena in schizophrenia, the presence of OCD or significant OCS in patients with schizophrenia has been associated with more severe psychosis and depression, poorer social functioning, lesser likelihood of being employed, and poorer prognosis. Aim of the study: The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of obsessive compulsive symptoms in schizophrenic patient. Material and Methods: 120 schizophrenic patients diagnosed according to DSM-IVTR criteria were included in this study. Yale -Brown obsessive compulsive scale was applied to detect the prevalence and the content of obsessive compulsive symptoms among these patients. Results: The results of this study were 26.7% of schizophrenic patients had obsessive compulsive symptoms, according to type of schizophrenia, the obsessional symptoms were more frequent in paranoid schizophrenic disorders,26 (21.6%) and 28(23.3%) in the age group between seventeen and thirty seven years. Conclusion: findings of this study are 26.7% of schizophrenic patients had obsessive compulsive symptoms. Type of obsessions and compulsions experienced by the patients are similar to those found in classical obsessive compulsive disorder.
Prevalence; Symptoms; Obsessive-compulsive; Schizophrenia
Treatment of humeral shaft fractures by external fixation
Forty patients with open shaft of humerus fractures were treated with a monolateral external fixator. Five patients presented with nerve palsies. Two radial nerves were disrupted and required reaper. Three spontaneously recovered and one brachial plexus partially improved. All fractures healed. The average duration of external fixation was 24 weeks. Four patients required additional procedures prior to healing (external fixator reapplication - 2, plating and bone grafting. Eight patients developed pin tract infections, which all resolved with local care and antibiotics. The results of treatment of closed humeral shaft fractures are excellent using a variety of techniques including bracingl,19,20,23, hanging casts6,8,17, plate fixation2,7,8,17,22, and intramedullary nailing4,12,21. There is less data available on the best technique of skeletal stabilization and ocutcome of patients with open humeral shaft fractures. Although open fractures are included in large series of humeral shaft fractures, analysis of this subgroup is often not reported separately2,4,7,12,19,20,22,23. The purpose of this study was to determme the outcome of open humeral shaft fractures treated by a uniform technique of monolateral external fixation.
Bacteriological study of chronic suppurative otitis media among patients attending Tikrit Teaching Hospital for the year 2013
A total of 63 patients with CSOM were collected in this study during the period from January 2013 to September 2013 at the unit of ENT in Tikrit Teaching Hospital. The results of the bacteriological study of the 63 cases obtained from CSOM patients showed 39 (80.9%) were from children and 24 (38.1%) were from adults. Fifty-one samples (68.6%) were pure cultures had a single organism isolate and 12 samples (19.0%) showed no growth. The peak incidence of COSM among patients was occurred in age group (0-4) years Table (l ).This study indicated that boys 34 (54.0%) showed higher rate of infection than girls 29(46.0%).The ratio of the present study was (1.7:1). The present study showed that the Gve — bacteria were 35(68.6%), Gve+ bacteria werel6 (31.4%). Among the Gve- bacteria Ps. aeruginosa 19(30.2%)was the main causative organisms, while S. aureus 8(12.0%) was being the predominant organism among Gve+ bacteria. .Antimicrobial susceptibility test were done to all bacterial isolates. Ps. aeruginosa isolates showed high sensitive (89.5%) to amikacin and gentamicin, and the high -ensitive rates of S. aureus isolates to same antibiotics were(87.5%) .The isolates of Ps. aeruginosa and S. aureus showed resistance to ciprofloxacin were 6(31.6%), 2(25%) respectively
Admission Hyperglycemia in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction in Tikrit Teaching Hospital, Tikrit, Iraq
Background: Hyperglycemia is common in critically ill patients; it is no longer considered a benign condition in patients with critical illnesses. Hyperglycemia after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is associated with an increased risk of in-hospital and long term mortalities in patients with and without diabetes. Although the mechanisms underlying this association are not fully understood, this may be due to impaired left ventricular function, increased incidence of the no-reflow phenomenon, and a tendency for aiThythmias. The aims of this study are to determine the frequency of hyperglycemia during AMI and to show the predictors of adverse events following AMI. Patients and Methods: Hospital based cross-sectional study. That includes 160 patients with AMI who admitted to CCU in the Tikrit Teaching Hospital from December 2013 to July 2014. Hyperglycemia was defined as admission or non-fasting plasma glucose level equal or above 140 mg/dl (7.8 mmol/L) regardless of past history of diabetes. Patients were divided into 3 groups. Group 1 (n=77 [48.1%]): Normoglycemic patients: Non-diabetic patients, without stress hyperglycemia and admission plasma glucose level <140 mg/d1 (7.8 mmoUL). Group 2 (n=33 [20.6%]): Non-diabetic patients with stress hyperglycemia with admission plasma glucose level equal or above 140 mg/dl (7.8 mmol/L) and Group 3 (n=50 [31.3%]): Diabetic patients, who had a history of treated diabetes mellitus or HbAlc measurement was > 6.5%. Results: The results indicate that the mean age in normoglycemic, stress hyperglycemic and diabetes mellitus groups were 55.3, 55.1 and 54.4 years respectively with more males' affection in all thrt e groups without significant difference among them. The anterior wall was the most common site of AMI in all 3 groups but without significant difference among them. Killip class 2 was significantly higher in DM group, while Killip class 3 was significantly higher in stress hyperglycemic group. Odds ration and confidence intervals of many variables as predictors of adverse outcome obtained from this study. Conclusion: This study indicates that admission hyperglycemia is a common finding in patients with AMI and admission hyperglycemia is a predictor of adverse events following ANIL plasma glucose level equal or above 140 mg/dl (7.8 mmoUL) regardless of past history.
Admission Hyperglycemia, Acute Myocardial Infarction, Tikrit, Iraq
Prevalence of Smoking among the Preparatory School Students in AL-Hamdaniya District / Nineveh Governorate
Background: smoking is the most common problem that invasion the schools and affect the students. Depending on the several studies and reports, there is a high prevalence smoking between school students. Aims of this study: to estimate the prevalence of smoker students in preparatory schools in AL- Hamdaniya district with some variables. Patients and Methods: A descriptive study was applied to estimate the prevalence of smoker students in preparatory schools in AL- Hamdaniya and find the effect of smoking by other variable. The study starts from 10st of March 2012 up to the 25 May 2012. Four preparatory schools in AL- Hamdaniya district, the tools consist variably of age, gender, marital status, residence of smoking and type of style. Descriptive statistical analysis is used of frequency. Results: The study indicate that there increase in number of student that use mixed type of smoking cigarettes and Hubble babble and students who smoke less than 10 cigarettes are more than other quantity. Recommendation: The study emphasis on the teacher role in health education especially on identifying the risk of cigarette smoking and relating to the disease, Issuing poster related to the dangerous of tobacco and demonstration of disease related on.
Prevalence, Smoking, Preparatory School.
Outcome of surgical meatoplasty versus meatal dilatation in children with post circumcision meatal stenosis
Background : Meatal stenosis is a condition is occurred in 8% to 9% of male child after neonatal circumcision , Many theories described the etiology of development of meatal stenosis,those are either sever meatal inflammation or due to meatal devascularization caused by cutting of frenular artery during circumcision or due to meatal ammonitis , meatal stenosis dose not become apparent till the child is toilet trained, Dysurea , frequency , terminal heamaturia and incontinence are the leading symptoms to discover meatal stenosis, the condition rarely cause a change in the upper urinary tracts. Meatal stenosis is treated either by surgical meatoplasty or periodic dilatation. Aims: To evaluate the symptomatic improvement in children with urethral meatal stenosis after surgical meatoplasty and compare it with conservative periodic meatal dilatation with hydrocortisone cream. Patients and method: 23 child with variable degree of meatal stenosis their age were between 2.5 years to 5 years examined in private clinic for their symptoms, undergone complete evaluation including physical examination, laboratory urine analysis , ultrasounic examination for assessment of the bladder and upper urinary tract , and biochemical tests. The 23 patients were divided into 2 group A (12 child) and group B (11 child). Group A were treated by weekly dilatation using sound metal dilator size 10/12 French , for 4 weeks, Also hydrocortisone 2.5% cream for 3 days implicated to the meatus following each dilatation session. Group B was treated by surgical meatoplasty (1) Results: Two month after the procedures all patients in group A , B were re examined: In group A 10 patients (83.3 eYo) developed re stenosis and just 2patients (16.6%) still had adequate urethral meatal opening. In group B 10 patients (90.9%) had good symptomatic improvement and adequate urethral opening, just one( 9%) patient still has obstructive urethral symptom . Conclusions: Surgical meatoplasty should be considered other than conservative meatal dilatation in definitive treatment of meatal stenosis in children.
Meatal stenosis , meatoplasty ,meatal dilatation.
Assessment of health status among orphans in social institute in Tikrit city, Iraq.
Background: Health status among the orphans in social institute is of critical importance because they represent significant part of the community, as well as their surrounding circumstances differ from the others as all know. aim of the study to assess the health status among the orphans in social institute in Tikrit city Patients and Methods: Across sectional study was conducted on 40 residents(boys and girls)at average age between (3-18)years by using a questionnaire form. A period between the beginning of February to the end of April of 2014.A questionnaire form was designed to the o study including information about family history , any health problem ,physical examination regarding weight ,height ,body mass index(BMI). The Results: We found that normal BMI is the commonest among them 47%. The proportion of high BMI increase with the age instead that the proportion of low BMI decrease with age. 31 % of the students between 7 —11 years whereas only 39 %of those between 12-18 years were overweight. The normal BMI are equal among both females and males. Psychological problems were prominent among orphans and had become the most important contributor of lower life quality. Of 40 orphans provided credible information on the vital status of their parents; 50% had lost their father, 30% their mother and 20% had lost both parents ,About the information that was collected from them about if they have had infected with any of these communicable diseases throughout the period of staying there , we found 38% had measles, 31%had mump,18%had rubella,4%typhoid fever .Also we found high percentage (47%) of orphans had unknown history of immunization .On examination (6%)were anemic ,no jaundice, with(8%)have gross anomalies of amputated arm ,amputated arm with speech difficulty and mongolism . As well we found (17%)who were neurologically abnormal (mentally Retarded) and 26% were psychologically upset. a community-based prevention ,care approach and support from rich people should be the cornerstone of the plan for improvement . Conclusion: Orphan children had normal BMI and their age (12-18) years about 47% for each. 50% of orphan children lost their parents. Measles is a frequent infectious disease among orphan children. High percentage (47%) of orphans had unknown history of immunization.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of coronary heart disease among population in Kirkuk city
Background: "Coronary heart disease" (CHD), "also known as coronary artery disease is a narrowing of the blood vessels (coronary arteries) that supply oxygen and blood to the heart". "Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the most common form of heart disease and the single most important cause of premature death in Europe, the Baltic states, Russia, North and South America, Australia and New Zealand. By 2020 it is estimated that it will be the major cause of death in all regions of the world". Aims of study (objectives): The aim of this study is to identify the attitude of Kirkuk city people toward CHD, determining their level of knowledge about its symptoms and categorize its risk factors. Patients & methods: This is a cross sectional study done in Kirkuk city based on direct face to face interviews using a questionnaire. This questionnaire was developed by the lead researcher to identify people's knowledge, attitude and practices toward CHD. A total of 375 sample of male and female of different educational level and of age starting from 15 year and above were selected randomly from Puplic Kirkuk hospital, Azadi hospital attainders, patients and visitors. A cross sectional study depend on direct face to face interviews using a questionnaire, several testes were used to determine the presence of selected factors and what can affect people's knowledge (example: the symptoms of CHD), attitude (by Having CHD risk factor or not) and the practices (what would be the patients choice when he have the attack) of the CHD. Results: of the 375 people sampled, 235 were male and 140 were female. Smoking, hypertension and high blood cholesterol; were the most popular risk factors that most of the patients mentioned it spontaneously. The educational level significantly associated with knowledge and attitude for CHD. Emergency management had significant value. The degree of knowledge about the risk factor of coronary heart disease in comparative way between male and female in Kirkuk city was significant .Knowledge of people about the practice of coronary heart disease is 72%; of this 71% male and 78% female. Percent of knowledge about the practices of coronary heart disease in Kirkuk city by gender was not significant. Conclusions and recommendations: Findings from this study suggest that middle and older aged people in Kirkuk city have only limited knowledge regarding CHD risk factors. Therefore, people living in this City may need even more attention and a resource regarding CHD symptoms, risk factors and treatment options as it is a common cause of mortality
Evaluation of internipple distance, sternum length and torso length as a screening test in newborn infants' growth in Salahaddin General Hospital
Background: knowledge of the normal growth and development of children is essential for preventing and detecting disease by recognizing overt deviation from normal pattern. Various genetic syndromes, birth defect and acquired diseases are characteristic by abnormal shape and size of the chest and site of nipple. These abnormalities may be evident in longitudinal measurements as short chest, or in horizontal measurement as deviations in chest circumference.Aim of the study: to test and make internipple distance, sternum length, torso length as a part of growth measures in evaluation and diagnosis of growth assessment in newborn infants. Patients & methods: A cross sectional study involve 732 newborns consist of 708 normal newborns: 570term (298 male and 272 female), 112 preterm (male 42 and female 70) and 26 post-term (male 19 and 7 female); while congenital anomalies were observed in 24 newborns: 2lterm newborn (male 6 and female 15) and 3preterm male between gestational ages 27 and 43 weeks and weighed from 700 gram — 5 kg delivered or attended to Salahaddin general hospital during period from 15thMay 2017 to 15th September 2017. Weight, length, occipitofrontal circumference , chest circumference , torso length, internipple distance and sternum length were measured for each newborns. Results: There was a difference found between male and female. The mean internipple distance for term newborns (8.7 cm) in male and( 8.6 cm) in female while in per-term (6.16 cm) and for post-term (9.4 cm) . The mean internipple index in our study was being 26% as a larger chest circumference decreases the internipple index. The mean of sternum length in term male (7.8 cm) and in term female (8.7 cm) while in pre-term (6.1cm) and in post-term (8.9 cm) the sternum length in male is shorter than in female . The sternal index is about ( 0.47) in our study. The mean of torso length in term male (20 cm) and in term female (19.8 cm) while in pre-term (17 cm) and in post-term (22.8 cm). The internipple distance in screening test was sensitive and specific for males (81.2% and 84.3%) and only specific for female 90 % , while sternum length is sensitive and specific for females (89 % and 94.4 %) and males(70% and 91.8% ) as well as torso length which is specific and sensitive in both sex. Conclusions: internipple distance, sternum length and torso length varies with , gestational age and increase as the pregnancy continue. A internipple distance of 9.6 cm or an internipple index of 28.2% in the neonatal period indicates widely spaced nipples. and the sternum is considered short when sternal-torso index is below (0.33)
Characteristic Abnormalities in Serum Biochemistry during Congestive heart failure
Background: Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a complex clinical syndrome characterized by dyspnea, fatigue, and signs of volume overload, which may include peripheral edema and pulmonary rules. Aim: The goal of the current study was to evaluate the alterations in different biochemical parameters including leptin, Adiponectin, ghrelin, Ceruloplasmin , concentration in patients with congestive heart failure. Patients and Methods: The total of 60 patients (19 Males and 11 Females) were enrolled in this study, 30 of them with congestive heart failure (study group) and 30 with apparently healthy subjects (13Males and 17 Females) ( control group). Results: The levels of leptin, ceruloplasmin, copper, and sialic acid , TNF-a, and CRP were significantly elevated in patients group, while adiponectin , ghrelin, Vitamin C and E were significantly lower in patients group compared to control group, there was positive correlation between leptin with adiponectin and ghrelin , adiponectin with ghrelin, Vitamin C with E ,ceruloplasmin with copper in congestive heart failure patients. Conclusions: Serum leptin, ghrelin and adiponectin are biomarkers for and correlated to CHF not only in the role they might play in the pathogenesis of the disease but also in their severity. Serum ceruloplasmin, copper, and prognostic indicators in patients with CHF.
CHF, Leptin, Adiponectin, Ghrelin, Copper, Sialic acids
Effect of Moringa oleifera Extract on Serum Glucose and Interleukin-1, Interleukin-2 and Tumor Necrosis Factor a in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
Background: Diabetes Mellitus presents a major challenge to healthcare systems around the world. One of the outcomes of diabetes is oxidative stress that is caused by the effect of hyperglycemia. Recent studies indicate that, oxidative agents in diabetes result in many complications such as cardiovascular disease, retinopathy and neuropathy. Aim of the study: This study was designed to evaluate the effect of Moringa oleifera (MOE), in Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in wistar rats. Methods: The rats were randomly divided into three groups of 10 animals each: Group I, healthy control; Group II, diabetics; Group III, diabetics treated with MOE (100 mg/ kg) for12 weeks . Diabetes was induced by a single intra-peritoneal injection of Streptozotocin (STZ, 65 mg/kg).Finally, blood samples were collected and analyzed for glucose and interleukin-1(IL-1), interleukin-2(IL-2), and tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-a). Results; result revealed that, oral administration of MO extract caused a significant decrease in serum glucose IL-1, and TNF-a levels(183± 41.10mg/d1), (25.7 + 1.5 pg/ml), (10.7 ± 2.0pg/mL)respectively , whereas increased in IL-2(5.0 ± 1.92 U/mL) in diabetic rats treated with MO extract when compared to levels of diabetic and control groups (298.2 ± 8.09mg/d1), (97.24 ± 3.21pg/m1), (13.4 ± 2.21pg/mL),and (4.08± 1.17U/mL) respectively. Conclusions: It appears that, Moringa olifera extract had both antihyperglycemic and decreased the activity of IL-1, and TNF-a , and increased IL-2 on STZ-induced diabetic rats. Further studies are needed to determine its protective effects on the other diabetes complications.
Diabetes Mellitus, Moringa oleifera Extract, Interleukin-1,2 ,Tumor Necrosis Factor.
Role of Pulse Oximetry in Detection of Congenital Heart Disease in Children
Background: Congenital heart diseases are an important causes of morbidity & mortality of children. Pulse oximetry is used routinely in neonatal intensive care and emergency units. This study was aimed to evaluate the results of oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry with the purpose of use it to detect congenital heart diseases in children as it is readily available, relatively cheap and easily done. Patients and Method: This is a cross- sectional, comparative study. It was done at al-Batool Teaching Hospital for Maternity & Children- Diyala province/ Iraq from Sept 2011 — Mar 2012. Children who were suspected to have congenital heart disease was examined by echocardiography and pulse oximetry together, a cut- off value of oxygen saturation (Spo2) measured by pulse oximetry below 95% was considered low and compared to echocardiography results. Sensitivity, specificity, false positive rate, false negative rate, predictive values, & accuracy rate were calculated. Results: A ninety five children had enrolled, 45 ( 47%) of them had congenital heart diseases and 50 child ( 53%) had normal echocardiography results. Pulse oximetry showed a decreased Spo2 in 13 of 45 children with CHD ( sensitivity = 29 %) and it was normal in 44 from 50 normal children ( specificity = 88 %). The results were rather similar after comparing the results of Spo2 of acyanotic CHD children versus the normal children. Spo2 of cyanotic CHD of children to the normal group showed high sensitivity and specificity, 100 % & 88 %, respectively. Conclusion: Pulse oximetry was found to be specific & sensitive tool to detect cyanotic defects, so routine pulse oximetry may detect a child who might not have been detected otherwise. In acyanotic subtypes, pulse oximetry had a limited role in detection of the defect & in spite of good specificity to exclude them in normal babies
pulse oximetry, echocardiography, Spo2. congenital heart disease.
Measurement study of abdominal waist circumference among type 2 diabetes mellitus in Kirkuk city population
Background : Prior studies have supported that waist circumference (WC) correlates with abdominal (central) obesity and values higher than normal are associated with increased prevalence of type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM) . Objective: To evaluate the association of waist circumference (WC) with increased prevalence of (T2DM) among population in Kirkuk city. Research design and methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted of 776 men and women 40-70 years of age from Kirkuk city. The relationship between (WC) and blood glucose was assessed .The(WC) was measured in centimeter , together with other data designed in the data sheet for this study , (T2DM) people were identified and recorded .Patients who had Diabetes Mellitus and coexistence of any other serious illness were excluded from the study. Results: (WC) was positively correlated with blood glucose .out of 776 participants , 221(28.5%) had increased (WC) ,this included 59 (26.7%) (T2DM) ,compared with 555 (71.5%) participants with normal (WC),this included32 (5.8%) diabetics increasing (WC) were significantly associated with increased prevalence of (T2DM) in the Kirkuk populations(P < 0.05). Conclusions: Increasing waist circumference was significantly associated with increased prevalence of (T2DM) ,Substantial reduction in diabetes in men and women is achievable if the (WC) is decreased in these populations.
waist circumference, abdominal obesity, central obesity, prevalence .participants.
Correlation between umbilical arterial doppler parameters and oligo-hydromnios in uncomplicated third trimester pregnancy
Background: Doppler study of the placental vessles has an important role in detection of impaired placental development and its complications. Amniotic fluid volume is an important parameter of placental function. Changes in umbilical artery doppler parameters in cases with decreasing amount of fluid vnIntne in third pregnancy without cause may be due to placental malfunction. Objective: To evaluate the umbilical doppler parameters including Pulsatility Index (PI), Resistive Index (RI) and Systolic to Diastolic ratio (S/D) in full term pregnancies with normal amniotic fluid volume (amniotic fluid index of 8-25 cm),borderline amniotic fluid volume(5.1-8 cm) and those with oligohydramnios ( amniotic fluid volume less than 5 cm) to exclude placental malfunction in those with lower than normal fluid volume. Patients & Methods: One hundred seventeen full terms pregnant were evaluated between February 2014 and June 2016, at Azadi teaching hospital /Kirkuk city and outpatient clinic. Three groups were identified according to their amniotic fluid volume: decreased, borderline and normal amniotic fluid volume, the groups were labeled as (group A, B and C) respectively. Umbilical arterial doppler parameters (including RI, PI and S/D) were measured in all patients and the results were compared among the three groups. Results: There was no statistically significant difference (P=0.29) in the mean RI values among the groups, as the mean RI value was 0.61 for group A, 0.59 for group B and 0.59 for group C. The mean PI values of the three groups were not significantly different (P=0.75), neither the mean S/D values (P=0.77); mean PI value was 1.01 for group A, 0.98 for group B, and 0.97 for group C; S/D values were as the following 2.59 for group A, 2.51 for group B and 2.55 for group C. The same analysis was done in subgroups divided according to the maternal age, the older age group 34-40 years revealed significantly (P=0.049) higher mean S/D value in group C (0.50) compared to both group B (0.39) and group A (0.26); and significantly (P=0.05) higher mean RI value for group C (0.64) compared to group B (0.60) possibly due the smaller gestation age in group C. Conclusion: There is no correlation between umbilical artery velocity waveform parameters and amniotic fluid volume in uncomplicated third trimester pregnancy, so routine use of doppler in such cases is not recommended as there was no underlying placental dysfunction
Pulsatility index (PI), resistive index (RI), Systolic diastolic (S/D), amniotic fluid volume. 3
Trends of measles in Nineveh governorate in 2015
Abstract Background: Measles is a highly contagious viral infection affect mainly children, the main symptoms and signs are fever, cough, runny nose and red eyes (conjunctivitis) Koplik's spots and red flat rash. Aim and Objective: To describe the trends and distributions of measles in the population of Nineveh governorate in Mosul city and to estimate the frequency of clinical features of measles among study population, and to estimate the difference in a rate of infection according to sex and age between males and females , also to estimate the ratio of vaccinated patients with measles to the unvaccinated. Patients and Methods: during the period between 1st February to the 30t1' of April 2015 we made a case series study of 84 patients collected of different ages and sexes admitted to Al-Shefaa Hospital in Mosul city. Results : The distribution of measles in Nineveh governorate was twice in males than females and regarding to the age, the highest rate of infection was found in children within 1-5 years and the least rate of infection was found in adults whose age between 15-45 years (3.6%). Conclusion: Measles affect males more than females, Measles affect the age between 1-5 years most of the patients infected by Measles having no history of vaccination, the complications of Measles are more severe in Adults.
Evaluation of Serum Malondialdehyde, Glutathione peroxidase, Superoxide dismutase, and Catalase levels in Hormonal contraceptives in Tikrit City
Background: Oxidative stress is associated with the development of several disorders including cardiovascular disease and cancer. Among conditions known to influence oxidative stress, the use of oral contraception (OC) in women has been a matter of ongoing discussion. The aim of the study report to evaluate the impact of oral contraceptive formulation containing 30 mg oestrogen (ethyloestradiol) and 1 mg progestin (norethisterone acetate) on lipid peroxidation, GPx, SOD, and catalase levels. Patients & Methods: The present study was conducted in Family planning in Salahalddin Teaching Hospital in Tikrit province during the period from Feb 2016 until March 2017, Serum glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and , malondialdehyde (MDA), Super oxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase levels were estimated in 50 women who were using oral contraceptives for at least 1 year. Fifty- contraceptive users participated in the study as a control group. They were drawn from the same population and matched for age with the contraceptive-users group. Results: The serum level of MDA, and GPx was significantly higher in women were using oral contraceptive than control group(11.872 ± 1.13 1..tM vs. 9.148 ± 1.179'11M respectively, 45.140 U/g Hb +2.265 vs. 29.86 U/g Hb ±2.31 ) respectively . On the other hand the serum SOD, catalase values in women using oral contraceptives were significantly lower than control group.( 2.72 U/L ± 0.479 vs. 3.5599 U/L ± 0.496 , 22.452 Kim! ± 2.045 vs. 26.370 K/ml ± 1.523 ) respectively. Conclusion: Oral contraceptive pills showed a significant decreasing effect on the antioxidant status of its users .Routine monitoring of the antioxidant status of women on oral contraceptive is recommended
Oral contraception, MDA, GPx, SOD, Oxidative stress
Effects of halothane and isoflurane on QT interval in young patients underwent hemorrhoidectomy
Background Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a heart rhythm disorder that can potentially cause fast, chaotic heart beats. These rapid heartbeats may trigger a sudden fainting spell or seizure. In some cases, your heart may beat erratically for so long that it can cause sudden death. The aim of study is to evaluate the effects of halothane and isoflurane on QT interval in patients underwent hemorrhoidectomy. patients and methods ECG were recorded in operative theater at al-shurgat general hospital just before surgical operations and directly after end of operation , 37 young , healthy patients were participated in this study 29 male and 8 female (n=17)received halothane (20) received isoflurane. Results: The mean and standard deviation of participants age and duration of ] operation was considerably higher among those who received halothane in | comparison to isoflurane and differences was statistically significant and the mean of age was 29.35+5.958 years with halothane and 24.55+4.893 years with isoflurane , | (p-value 0.011) and regarding the mean of duration of operation was 19.47 +3.243 minutes with halothane and 16.75+3.240 minutes with isoflurane use ,(p-value 0.023) | Conclusions the present study conclude that maintenance of anesthesia with halothane might prolong the QT-interval and did not result in arrhythmias while , with isoflurane was not associated ~ with alterations in the QT-interval and induced no changes in cardiac rhythm
ASSESSMENT OF THE ACCESSIBILITY OF STUDENTS WITH SPECIAL NEEDS AT TIKRIT UNIVERSITY
Background: Students with disabilities face significant challenges in accessing higher education, particularly in countries with limited infrastructure and policy support. Accessibility barriers include inadequate physical infrastructure, lack of assistive learning tools, and social stigma, which can negatively impact academic performance and student well-being. Tikrit University, one of Iraq’s major academic institutions, has not been extensively studied regarding its accessibility for students with special needs. Identifying these challenges is crucial to developing effective solutions and fostering an inclusive educational environment. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Tikrit University from March 1, 2024, to February 1, 2025. A total of 149 students with disabilities participated, representing various faculties. Data were collected through an online structured questionnaire, covering aspects such as mobility, access to learning materials, academic support, and social inclusion. Data analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel 2020 and SPSS version 27. Results: Among the 149 participants, The majority of participants are between 18-23 years old (82%), with a mean age of 30 years (range: <18 to ≥33). 44% of participants are male, and 56% are female. 97% of participants are undergraduates, while only 3% are postgraduates. 62% of participants live with their families, 26% live in government student housing, and 12% in private student housing. 36% have motor impairments, 58% have visual impairments, and 6% have hearing with speech impairments. 32% of participants feel ashamed to show their disability, while 69% do not. Conclusions: The study highlights significant accessibility challenges at Tikrit University, particularly in infrastructure, academic resources, and social inclusion. The majority of participants are between 18-23 years old (82%), 97% of participants are undergraduates and 58% have visual impairments Addressing these issues requires targeted interventions, including improved physical accessibility, faculty training, assistive learning tools, and awareness programs to create a more inclusive educational environment.
Exploring the Impact of Academic Stress on Depression Levels in Medical Students
Introduction: This study examines the prevalence of depression among medical students and the impact of academic stress on depressive symptoms. Understanding this relationship is vital for developing interventions to improve student mental health. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 500 medical students at Ibn Sina Teaching Hospital in Iraq. Depression was assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and correlations with academic stress, cognitive function, and gender were analyzed. Results: Findings revealed that 42.2% of students had moderate depression, 15.8% had severe depression, and 10.2% had very severe depression. Clinical students reported significantly higher depression scores than pre-clinical students. Female students showed higher depression levels than male students, and academic stress was strongly associated with depressive severity. Discussion: The study highlights the high prevalence of depression, particularly among clinical students and females. Academic stress significantly contributes to depressive symptoms, indicating the need for targeted mental health interventions in medical education.
The outcome of pilonidal sinus abscess drainage: a comparative study
Backgrounds and aim: A pilonidal sinus (PNS) is a common condition that affects men mostly especially young adults. The method of treatment of this surgical condition is controversial still. In this regard, we compared the outcomes of interest between excision and drainage of an abscess in PNS patients. Methods: Patients who were diagnosed with PNS abscess and admitted for the treatment between 2019 and 2020 were treated either by excision (n=48) or drainage of abscess (n=30). The patients were followed up for the outcomes of the interest, including infection, pain, discharge, and wound size at the first, third, and sixth months of surgery. Results: The patients who were treated by excision technique had significantly longer operative time compared to patients who were treated by drainage of abscess 9.65 vs. 5.50 min, P<0.0001. In addition, they had a longer postoperative hospitalization time, 4.19 vs. 3.43 hours, P=0.0002, and required longer time to back to normal activity, 4.69 vs. 4.20 days, P=0.0221, respectively. The patients in both groups had similar incidence rates of infection, pain, and discharge at the different periods and similar incidence rates of wound rate at the first month. The patients who were treated by drainage of abscess had significantly higher incidence rates of two and three cm wound size compared to those who were treated by excision. 75.00%, P=0.4287, whereas, the patients who were treated by drainage of abscess significantly developed postoperative fever, 16.67% vs. 0.00%, P=0.018. Conclusions: The study showed that total excision of pilonidal sinus abscess develop better outcomes of the wound at third and sixth months of operation.
pilonidal sinus (PNS) excision, drainage.