Physiological Link between Adipose Tissue Hormones and Diabetes Mellitus: A Review

Abstract

Diabetes is occurred due to a defect in the inequity of the blood's sugar metabolism that results in a remarkably increasing in the concentration of blood glucose for different factors, including genetic, psychological, or biological causes, as well as in consuming high amount of sugar. Several diseases including diabetes have been related to the two kinds of adipose tissue (brown and white). These tissues play a significant role in insulin sensitivity. It has become clear that there are numerous hormones released from adipose tissue. Chemerin has impact in glucose homeostasis, because it involves in both insulin resistance and glucose metabolism, as it enhances insulin-dependent glucose acceptance in adipocytes. Additionally, it is clear that adiponectin prevents the occurrence of diabetes in individuals by moderating glucose tolerance, improving fat metabolism, controlling insulin sensitivity, and altering homeostasis. The type 2 diabetes had relationship with elevated concentrations of the hormone phosphatases in comparison with non-diabetes individuals. Regarding with the hormone resistin, the insulin resistance had great relationship with the hormone concentration in people who had sever insulin resistance