Evaluation of RT-PCR in molecular diagnosis of Gardnerella vaginalis and Trichomonas vaginalis infection in comparison with other conventional method in Tikrit province

Abstract

Background: Gardnerella  vaginalis,  and Trichomonas  vaginalis are  the organisms most commonly associated with vaginitis; each can also be present in an asymptomatic state. G. vaginalis has been shown to be increased in patients with findings of a gray or homogenous discharge. While T.vaginalis is  more  prevalent  in  patients  with  symptoms,  foamy  gray  or  yellow discharge.  Gardnerella vaginalis is a bacterium that is commonly associated with  bacterial  vaginalis  (BV).  BV  is  a  condition  characterized  by  an overgrowth of certain bacteria in the vagina, disrupting the normal vaginal flora. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was isolation of  Trichomonas vaginalis and Gardnerella vaginalis , and was to examine the prevalence and distribution of G.vaginalis  in the vaginal ecosystem of pregnant women at two different stages of pregnancy (first and third trimester) . Materials and methods: From November  2023 to April 2024, 57 patient's urine samples and vagina swab were collected. In Tikrit city, pregnant women with infects the  Genital  tract  infection  (GTI)  , visited  Tikrit  Teaching  Hospital.  The samples were divided into three parts , apart for microscopic examination ( for T.vaginalis) ,part for culture ( for G.vaginalis ) and apart for RT-PCR ( for T.vaginalis and G.vaginalis ) . Result: present the percentage of samples positive  on culture in vagina swap for G.vaginalis was  17(29.8%), including  (15.8%)and  (14%)  isolated  from  (20-30)  and  (31-40)  age  and  no  result Growth in urine samples  ,but the result in RT-PCR different between the types of samples (urine and vagina swab) were positive in urine samples  is 43(75.4%) including  25 (43.8%)and 18 (31.6%) isolated from (20-30) and (31-40)  age  ,  and  in  vagina  swab  samples    is  50(87.7%)  including  30 (52.7%)and 18(35%) isolated from (20-30) and (31-40) age ,was no result for T.vaginalis . Conclusion: This study confirm that ages (20-30) are more affected than ages (31-40)  due to sexual activity ,RT-PCR is more specific and sensitive way for diagnosis also the most common age for infection in (20-30).