The Role of Ultrasound in Evaluation of Infertility in Iraqi Men

Abstract

Background: Male infertility presents a challenge, for couples around the globe and is also a prevalent concern in Iraq specifically. Various factors can contribute to infertility ranging from imbalances to physical irregularities in the reproductive system. Ultrasound scans  play  a  role  in  diagnosing  male  infertility  issues  with  scrotal  and  transrectal ultrasound  being  particularly  useful  in  identifying  conditions  like  varicoceles  and abnormalities, in the testicles and prostate.
Objectives: This research seeks to explore how ultrasound can help diagnose infertility in men by examining 1,000 cases to pinpoint reasons and assess the diagnostic potential of ultrasound technology. 
Methods: A detailed cross-sectional study turned into finished on 1000 men who have been dealing with infertility and have been, in the age variety of 25 to 55 years old. This examination spanned over a period of three hundred and 65 days from January 1st, 2023 to February 30th, 2024. Each character underwent examination concerning ultrasound scans of the scrotum and the location around the rectum. The findings have been then classified primarily based on reasons for infertility like varicocele, testicular shrinkage, abnormalities within the epididymis and other related issues. 
Results: Ultrasound findings indicated that varicocele changed into the most common abnormality (X%), followed by way of testicular atrophy (Y%) and epididymal cysts (Z%). Additionally, ultrasound detected several instances of prostate enlargement and seminal  vesicle  abnormalities  contributing  to  infertility.  Ultrasound  examinations confirmed that 60% of members had regular findings, even as 25% provided with varicocele, 10% had testicular atrophy, and 5% exhibited epididymal cysts. A full-size fine correlation changed into found between testosterone tiers and sperm motility (r = 0.67, p < 0.01), indicating that higher testosterone tiers are associated with progressed sperm motility. Testosterone tiers also correlated definitely with sperm awareness (r = 0.55, p < 0.01) and normal morphology (r = 0.43, p < 0.01), suggesting that hormonal stages have an effect on semen excellent.
Conclusions: The look at highlights the considerable relationships among hormonal profiles, semen quality, and ultrasound findings in male infertility. Ultrasound proved to be a valuable diagnostic tool with high sensitivity and specificity for detecting conditions like varicocele and testicular atrophy. These findings underscore the importance of incorporating hormonal opinions and imaging techniques inside the management and evaluation of male infertility, imparting insights which could guide in addition studies and medical exercise on this discipline