Aberrant CD markers expression in acute leukaemia frequency and intensity and its association with other CBC parameters

Abstract

Background:   To   enhance   our   knowledge   concerning   acute   leukaemia investigation profile and try to have a useful application in disease management. Objective: To find the associations between acute leukaemia phenotypes, a cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, and complete blood cell count . Subjects and methods: A retrospective study was conducted in the period 2021 to 2022 in Baghdad medical city in the oncology centre, included 72 acute leukaemic newly diagnosed patients, diagnosis of the cases was based on history, physical examination, complete blood picture, bone marrow aspirate and biopsy examination, flow cytometric profile was done, all our cases were new cases without previous treatment and the flow cytometric reports were conducted before treatment. 
The differences in groups for this study were evaluated by t-test, an association test were used, and a P value < 0.05 is considered significant. 
Results: Cases with aberrancy have higher mean white blood cells count, which may indicate an inferior prognosis. Cases with aberrancy have higher mean platelets distribution width, there is an inverse correlation between platelets count and platelets distribution width, this may suggest in our opinion a higher susceptibility  to  coagulation  system  activation  and  hence  disseminated intravascular coagulopathy in those patients. In acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), cytoplasmic CD79a ( a B lymphocyte cell marker used in the diagnosis of B- ALL) negative cases and in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) CD 117( a myeloblast marker in AML) negative both have higher mean absolute white blood cells count.
Conclusion: Acute leukemia with aberrant phenotypes cases is suspected to be more prone to have coagulopathy, an inferior prognosis.