Effect of Cardamom Seeds extraction on Resistant Proteus mirabilis to Antibiotics that Isolated from Pregnant women in Baghdad

Abstract

Background: Proteus mirabilis exists in human digestive tracts and induce UTI in immunocompromised  individuals.  Antimicrobial  resistance  in  P.  mirabilis hinders clinical  therapy,  including  proven  resistance  to  colistin,  nitrofurans,  tigecycline, tetracycline, and β-lactams. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was isolation of  P.  mirabilis from  urinary  tract  infections  (UTI),  and  study  antibiotic susceptibility to 14 type of antibiotics. Also, study the effect of cardamom extract on 14 isolated of P. mirabilis that were antibiotic resistance. Materials and methods: From November 2023 to February 2024, 230 patient's urine samples were collected. In Baghdad Governorate, pregnant women with urinary tract infections visited Al-Mada'in General Hospital.  Negative bacteria were characteristic by Gram stain and lactose fermentation on MacConkey agar, hemolysis on  blood agar, oxidase and indole tests and confirmation by VITEK- 2 compact system. Result: P. mirabilis isolates susceptible to Amikacin were 71.4%, Gentamicin 85.7%, Imipenem 28.5%, Piperacillin 42.8%, Rifampicin 21.4%, and Tobramycin 35.7%, while P. mirabilis isolates were resistant to Aztreonam  in  78.5  %,  Amoxicillin/Clavulanic  acid  85.7%,  Cefepime  50%, Ceftazidime 57.1%, and Ticarcillin 57.1%. At 1000 mg/ml, the Cardamom seed alcoholic extract inhibited P. mirabilis bacteria best (18.67 mm). Low values (500, 250) were 14.89 and 10.6 mg/ml. Conclusion: This study confirm that the ethanol extracts of cardamom seeds possess strong inhibitory action against the tested pathogenic microorganisms. Based on this information, the utilization of cardamom as both an antibiotic and a dietary ingredient may have beneficial effects