Histology of Impacted Wisdom Teeth in Lower Jaw in Young Patients Evaluated by 3D Imaging in Kirkuk City

Abstract

Introduction: Third molars, also known as wisdom teeth, is the most distal (posterior) of the three molars found in each quadrant of the human dentition. Tooth impaction is a pathological condition in which a tooth is unable or unwilling to erupt into its normal functioning position. Dental treatment can help with this issue. 
Aim of study: The current study aims to describe the histology of wisdom teeth in the adult patients in Kirkuk city.
Materials and methods: Fifty patients with impacted wisdom teeth in lower jaw, with age ranging from (17–25) years were taken from dental specialized centers  and  from  private  clinics  in  Kirkuk  city  during  the  period  from September 2021 to March  2022. An informed permission was obtained from the Kirkuk health directorate to perform this study. 
      All the patients with impaction and full dentition without missing teeth are included in age range , and above the age 25 years were excluded from this study. The patients with trauma, cysts and tumor are also excluded. 
After taking a panoramic tomograph for patients, evaluation of the impacted wisdom teeth begin for all the cases which were 50 cases, firstly determine the number of wisdom teeth impacted in the lower arch  either in left or right. The 27 of patients (54 %) was female while the male was 23 patients (46%).      In all 50 samples there were 22% of cases which is 11  patient have one wisdom tooth impacted. 
The  78%  of  cases  which  are  39  patients  of  the  samples  with  two  teeth impaction. 
     This study targets the patients who are between the ages (17-25)  with  impacted lower wisdom teeth living in the Kirkuk city, Iraq. The mean age, when  diagnosed,  was  21.84    years  old.    In  this  study,  clinical  data  were collected from the specialized  dental center in kirkuk , which has a policy of using DPT for all new patients with impacted 3M. 
Anatomy of Dental Structure 
   A layer of enamel of varying thickness covers the crown of the tooth. It is almost entirely composed of apatite crystals with a calcium phosphate filling. Calcium  phosphate  is  also  primarily responsible  for dentine hardness. The enamel layer crystals are all elongated and arranged with their ends toward the enamel's surface. Enamel is replaced around the root of the tooth by cementum (the cement), another bonelike material that holds the tooth firmly in the jaw socket. However, there is a layer of tissue called the periodontal membrane that exists between the bone of the jaw and the cementum layer and is in contact with the tissues of the gums and the pulp cavity. Incisor and canine teeth have a single root, premolars have two roots, and molars have three roots.