Co-Infections Bacterial and Human Para- influenza Virus of The Upper Respiratory Tract at Children in Kirkuk Cit

Abstract

Background: Upper respiratory tract co-infection including (nose, mouth, pharynx and throat) originated  from colonization bacteria , viruses and fungi epithelial  layer lining the upper respiratory tract.
The aim: To determine the pathogens ( bacteria and virus) common in the upper respiratory co-infection.
Materials & Method: the study covered children aged  ( 5months to 12years) which  has upper respiratory tract co-infection detection the pathogens  causing  infections  through a series of diagnostic tests. .
Using  characteristics , microscope examination and biochemical test for diagnosis of different types of  bacteria after doing sensitivity test for this bacteria used group of antibiotcs. The Human parainfluenza virus (HPIV) was diagnosed using indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay by two kits  including ( IgM parainfluenza type 1,2,3 kit and IgG parainfluenza type 1,2,3 kit .)
Result: A total of 150 patients of children, found 119  of children was  infected with different types of bacteria including  gram negative bacteria wich formed percentage 8%  and included  (  E.coli, Pseudomonas areuginosa, Klebsella pneumoniae, Citrobacter freundii ) and gram positive bacteria formed percentage 71.3%  and included Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus 
epidermidis,Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Viridans 
streptococci, Group B streptococci, Group C streptococci, Group G streptococci , Group D streptococci, Group F streptococci . These types of  bacteria were  resistant  with different percentage  for beta-lactem antibiotics which  included cefepime, amoxacillin clvulanic acid, ampicillin, penicillin G, tetracyclin, ceftazidime, Gentiamcin, ceftriaxone) , as for antibiotics (vancomycin, erythromycin, clindamycin, chloramphenicol ) some isolated bacterial species were sensitive to these antibiotics  . Out of a total of sick  children, 59% of them were infected with HPIV,  33% of them had IgM anti human parainfluenza virus and 26% had IgG anti human parainfluenza virus  . Among the patients of children found, 41% ones  had co-infection with bacteria and virus.
Conclusion   All bacterial species ( gram positive and gram negative) were 
resistant to beta lactem antibiotics with varying percentage depending on the bacteria species -Participation of bacterial species ( S.pyogenes, Staph.aureuse and S.pneumoniae ) with Human parainfluenza virus to cause Co-infection to each other in the respiratory system