Does the leishmaniasis protects against SARS-CoV-2

Abstract

The relationship between leishmaniasis and COVID-19 remains uncertain, with no evidence  suggesting  that  leishmaniasis  provides  protection  against  COVID-19. Leishmaniasis, transmitted by sandflies, and COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV- 2 virus, are unrelated diseases with distinct transmission modes. It is essential to rely on established preventive measures for COVID-19, such as vaccination and hygiene practices, as leishmaniasis requires separate medical attention. Some studies suggest that  visceral  Leishmania-COVID-19  co-infection  may  reactivate  asymptomatic leishmaniasis. Severe COVID-19 cases may exacerbate parasitic multiplication and organ involvement. The  immunological response to  visceral  leishmaniasis  may increase  susceptibility  to  subsequent  SARS-CoV-2  infection,  emphasizing  the importance of an effective immune response. Cutaneous leishmaniasis may confer cross-protection against COVID-19, particularly in tropical regions. IFN-γ plays a critical role in parasite control and antiviral defense, highlighting its importance in both diseases. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms underlying the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and leishmaniasis.